CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) are short single-stranded DNA molecules containing cytosine and guanine DNA bases linked by a phosphate group. CpG ODNs have applications as adjuvants in vaccines and immunotherapies as they promote activation of both innate and adaptive immunity. They stimulate various immune cells like macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells by activating Toll-like receptors and inducing the production of cytokines like interferons and interleukins. The ability of CpG ... Read more
