Purgative Drugs

Purgative drugs that cause diarrhea are commonly prescribed as part of colonoscopy bowel preparation. By inducing diarrhea, they help cleanse and purge the colon of any residual stool. Some of the commonly used purgative drugs include:

 

Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Solution

One of the most commonly prescribed bowel prep solutions is PEG, which is available under brand names like Miralax, GlycoLax, and Trilyte. It works by drawing water into the stool from the intestinal contents and surrounding tissues, resulting in softer and more frequent bowel movements. PEG needs to be mixed with water or other clear liquids and consumed over a period of time as directed by the doctor. It results in clear liquid stool output within a few hours. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps.

 

Magnesium Citrate

Magnesium citrate is another commonly used bowel prep agent. It works by prompting the intestines to empty themselves through a laxative effect. The recommended dosage is usually a 240 ml bottle which needs to be consumed at once. Stool output can occur within 30 minutes to 2 hours, often resulting in watery diarrhea that may last several hours. Some side effects include bloating, gas, and stomach discomfort.

 

Bisacodyl

Bisacodyl comes in the form of supplemental laxative pills or suppositories that help stimulate bowel movements. It works by irritating the walls of the large intestine, resulting in peristaltic contractions that sweep stool out of the colon. Bisacodyl is often combined with PEG solutions as part of colonoscopy prep to ensure complete cleansing of the bowel. The most common side effects are abdominal cramps and diarrhea.

 

Sodium Picosulfate

Colonoscopy Bowel Preparation Drugs Sodium picosulfate is another stimulant laxative that works both locally in the colon as well as systemically by increasing fluid in the intestines. It leads to softening of stool and increased bowel movements. Like other laxatives, it needs to be taken along with adequate fluid intake as prescribed. side effects are usually mild, such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort.

 

Bowel Prep Process

The doctor will provide detailed instructions on how and when to take the prescribed bowel prep drugs and solutions. Proper timing is essential for successful cleansing of the bowel. Here are the typical steps involved:

 

- Diet restrictions: A low-fiber, clear liquid diet is recommended 1-3 days before the procedure. No solid foods are allowed.

 

- Bowel prep schedule: Drugs like PEG solutions, magnesium citrate need to be consumed over specified intervals, usually started in the late afternoon/evening prior to the colonoscopy date.

 

- Fluid intake: Drinking clear fluids like water, apple juice is encouraged to avoid dehydration. Oral electrolyte solutions may also be suggested.

 

- Stool output checks: The goal is watery diarrhea with no visible solid matter. This ensures proper cleansing for examination.

 

- Final doses: Sometimes a supplemental dose of bisacodyl or picosulfate is recommended early on the colonoscopy day.

 

- Nothing by mouth: No food or drinks once the preparation begins as indicated, usually 6 hours before the procedure time.

 

While bowel prep is essential, it can induce side effects like nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort due to irritation from frequent bowel movements. Proper hydration, rest, and following prep instructions carefully can help reduce discomfort. Colonoscopy allows detection of abnormalities but bowel cleansing drugs play an important supporting role in the overall process.

 

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