Atopic dermatitis or eczema is a common chronic inflammatory disease affecting dogs. It is characterized by intense itching, redness of the skin, rashes and discomfort. This condition affects over 10% of the dog population and is believed to have a genetic predisposition. While the cause is unknown, it is considered to be an immune-mediated disease where the dog's skin reacts abnormally to allergens in the environment. Managing canine atopic dermatitis requires long-term treatment options including drug therapy, diet modification and avoiding allergens. In this article, we will discuss some common prescription drugs that veterinarians recommend for treating atopic dermatitis in dogs.

Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids are potent anti-inflammatory drugs that are very effective in reducing the redness, swelling and itching associated with atopic dermatitis flare-ups. Drugs like prednisone and dexamethasone work by suppressing the immune system's inflammatory response. For short term control of flare-ups, corticosteroids are usually prescribed orally or topically as creams. However, long term use should be avoided due to potential side effects involving other organs.

Cyclosporine
Cyclosporine, sold under the brand name Canine Atopic Dermatitis Treatment Drugs, is an immunosuppressant drug used to control the symptoms of atopic dermatitis. It works by inhibiting T-cell activation and subsequent release of inflammatory cytokines. Cyclosporine offers an alternative to steroids and is especially useful for long term control of the condition. The drug needs to be administered orally on a daily basis. Side effects can include loss of appetite, vomiting and rare kidney problems.

Oclacitinib
Oclacitinib, marketed under the brand name Apoquel, is a Janus kinase inhibitor approved specifically for treatment of atopic dermatitis in dogs. It works by interfering with the body's inflammatory signaling pathways. Research has shown it to be more effective than placebo in reducing pruritus and skin lesions associated with canine AD. The drug comes in tablet form and needs to be given orally twice daily with or without food. Gastrointestinal upset is a potential side effect.

Antihistamines
Antihistamines are commonly prescribed to reduce itching in dogs with allergic dermatitis. Drugs like chlorpheniramine and hydroxyzine work by blocking the action of histamine, a chemical mediator of itch. While not very potent, antihistamines combined with topical therapies provide additional relief. They are usually well tolerated but may cause sedation as a side effect if given in high doses. Oral administration is required.

Omega-3 and -6 Fatty Acids
Essential fatty acids like omega-3 (EPA and DHA) and omega-6 (GLA) have shown promise as supplemental treatments for canine atopic dermatitis. Studies indicate they help restore skin barrier function and reduce histamine production. Commonly recommended products contain fish oil or borage oil. While not strong enough as monotherapy, fatty acid supplements combined with medications aid in managing skin inflammation and itchiness over the long run.


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