Transcritical CO2is an energy-efficient technology that is widely used in refrigeration, heat pump, and air conditioning industries. Most of the refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat generating systems operate under varying climatic conditions. Different chemicals and gaseous mixtures such as NH3, SO2, and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) have been used in the past few years to cope with climatic variations. However, usage of transcritical CO2technology has resulted in providing improved energy efficiency and minimized problems related to global warming as compared to chemicals and other gaseous mixtures that were previously used.

CO2is a supercritical fluid that has been considered as a safety refrigerant as it is chlorine-free, non-flammable, and has no ozone depletion potential. Furthermore, it is preferred over other refrigerants as its vapor pressure is considerably higher and its thermodynamic properties change rapidly with variations in temperature and pressure conditions. Transcritical CO2technology is a vapor compression system in which CO2 operates at normal temperature and is primarily required in heat pump and refrigeration systems. Working at normal temperature helps in sustenance and control of critical pressures inside the operating system. Major end-users of transcritical CO2 technology include marine, transportation, household appliance, and food processing industries.

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Growing environmental regulations related to usage of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and greenhouse gases (GHG) is expected to drive global demand for transcritical CO2 during the next couple of years.Various chlorofluorocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride, dichlorofluoromethane, dimethyl ether, and ethane are commonly used industrial refrigerants. These CFCs have greater ozone depletion potential as well as global warming potential as the chloride bond present in these compounds interferes with the ozone molecule, thus breaking its molecular bond to give oxygen and chlorine monoxide molecules. This process leads to depletion of protective atmospheric layers and failsto block harmful UV rays of the Sun from penetrating through the layer. Rising awareness about global warming has impeded the alarming necessity for usage of chlorine-free refrigeration and heat pump systems. Hence, demand for transcriticalCO2 technology is anticipated to increase at a faster rate by the end of 2023. Transcritical CO2 technology comprises usage of CO2, which has superior performance characteristics such as zero global warming as well as ozone depletion potential, non-toxicity, and inflammability. Hence, this technology is anticipated to replace other thermal technologies during the forecast period.

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Some of the key players operating in the transcritical CO2 market include Emerson Climate Technologies, Parker Hannifin Corporation, Green & Cool World Refrigeration AB, andCarrier Commercial Refrigeration.